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VOL. 8, ISSUE 3 (2026)
Antibacterial effect of ethanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum against Chromobacterium violaceum
Authors
Umeh Ann C, Orji Michael U, Umeh GeorgeFranklin I
Abstract
The use of synthetic antibiotics for managing
bacterial infections are increasingly challenged by high costs, limited
accessibility, adverse side effects, and the alarming rise in antimicrobial
resistance. This resistance has increased the interest of medical researchers
in herbal remedies that can serve as alternatives to conventional antibiotics.
This study investigated the antibacterial potentials of Ocimum gratissimum
leaf extract against Chromobacterium violaceum. The organism was
identified using biochemical and molecular techniques. The susceptibility of C.
violaceum to conventional antibiotics was done using disc diffusion method.
The leaves of Ocimum gratissimum were collected, identified and ground.
Extraction was done using Soxhlet method with ethanol as the extraction
solvent. Phytochemical composition of the extract was analyzed using
spectrophotometric method. The agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate
the in-vitro antibacterial effect of the extract against C. violaceum.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration
(MBC) were determined by broth dilution method and subculturing respectively. The
susceptibility of C. violaceum to conventional antibiotics showed that
Ciprofloxacin gave the highest zone of inhibition (29.83 ± 0.29). Phytochemical
analysis revealed that the extract has appreciable levels of alkaloids,
flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, phytates and terpenoids. The extract
demonstrated concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against C.
violaceum. At 1000 mg/ml, the extract produced an inhibition zone of 20.67
± 0.58 mm. The MIC was 62.5 mg/ml while the MBC was 1000 mg/ml. The findings
demonstrated that the leaf extract of O. gratissimum possessed promising
antibacterial activity against C. violaceum and may serve as alternative
antibacterial agent against C. violaceum.
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Pages:110-115
How to cite this article:
Umeh Ann C, Orji Michael U, Umeh GeorgeFranklin I "Antibacterial effect of ethanolic extract of <i>Ocimum gratissimum</i> against <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>". International Journal of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Vol 8, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 110-115
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